Panel 1 - Specialization as Strategy: Examining Belgium’s Defense Role Beyond Multilateralism
Description:
Since the end of World War II, Belgium has relied primarily on its multilateral alliances, embodied mainly by NATO and the European Union, for defense. However, this strategy faces criticism both internally and externally, as Belgium is often seen as a 'free rider' delegating most of its security responsibilities. This panel aims to question the relevance of this multilateral approach in Belgian defense strategy. Should it remain the central pillar of the country’s security policy, or could Belgium enhance its role by adopting a niche strategy in specific areas? The panel will explore successful examples of specialization, such as maritime demining, and discuss potential niches Belgium could explore to maximize its impact, given its limited resources. What military structure and organization would support such a strategy, and how can Belgium ensure that these choices meet current security challenges without sacrificing multilateral cooperation?
This panel is intended for security experts, political and military leaders, as well as researchers and defense professionals who wish to debate the future possibilities for Belgian defense and security strategy within an international framework.

Panel 2 - What Role for Multilateralism in Contemporary Belgian Foreign Policy?
Description:
The international system is evolving at breakneck speed. Alliances with shifting configurations are being redefined, raising questions about Europe’s role. Faced with a gradual fragmentation of the globalized world, UN multilateralism coexists with alternative initiatives, such as those promoted by the expanded BRICS. While multilateralism remains a powerful lever of influence, is it still the main path for Belgium’s diplomatic strategy? A return to power dynamics is influencing Belgian foreign policy and the promotion of its national interests. Should Belgium deepen its multilateralism by developing new niches, or would it be more relevant to revitalize a bilateral network that has declined in recent decades? This panel will explore this question to determine if multilateralism should remain the priority or if it’s time for Belgium to refine its approach through more focused specialization.
This panel is intended for experts in diplomacy and international relations, policymakers and diplomats, as well as researchers and practitioners in the fields of foreign affairs and diplomacy, who wish to discuss possible futures for Belgian diplomacy in an international context.

The conference will feature two half-day panels, each beginning with presentations from researchers and experts, followed by a roundtable discussion with practitioners from the field. A question-and-answer session with the public is also included in each of the panels. A book is planned to be published featuring the papers presented by the speakers, with participation in this publication being entirely optional.